Clinical and immunological characteristics of myositis complicated with thromboembolism / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate and analyse the clinical and immunological features of patients with myositis complicated with thromboembolism.@*METHODS@#We identified a cohort of 390 myositis patients diagnosed with myositis admitted to People's Hospital of Peking University from 2003 to 2019. The patients were retrospectively enrolled in this investigation. According to the outcome of the color Doppler ultrasound, CT pulmonary angiography, pulmonary ventilation and perfusion scan patients were divided into myositis with and without thromboembolism group. Demographic, clinical (heliotrope rash, Gottron's sign/papules, periungual erythema, skin ulceration, subcutaneous calcinosis, Mechanic's hands, myalgia, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension), laboratory, immunological [anti-autoantibodies including melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5), anti-Mi-2, anti-transcription intermediary factor-1γ (anti-TIF-1γ, anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 (anti-NXP2), anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme (anti-SAE), anti-synthetase], imaging and therapeutic status data of the patients at the diagnosis of myositis with and without thromboembolism were collected and the differences in these data were analyzed. Logistic regressive analysis was used to identify the risk factors of thromboembolism.@*RESULTS@#In the retrospective study, 390 myositis patients were investigated. The mean age of onset was (49.6±13.4) years, male to female ratio was 0.31 :1. Thromboembolism was identified in 4.62% (18/390) of the myositis patients, which was lower than the published reports. Out of 18 patients with thromboembolism, 55.6% (10/18) of them were deep venous thrombosis, followed by cerebral infarction (22.2%, 4/18), pulmonary embolism (11.1%, 2/18), renal artery embolism (5.6%, 1/18) and embolism of upper extremity (5.6%, 1/18). Fifty percent of thromboembolism events occurred 6 months after the diagnosis of myositis, 38.9% of thromboembolism events occurred 6 months within the diagnosis of myositis, 11.1% of thromboembolism events occurred 6 months before the diagnosis of myositis. As compared with the myositis patients without thromboembolism, the myositis patients complicated with thromboembolism were older [(58.3±11.7) years vs. (49.3±13.4) years, P=0.006]. C-reaction protein (CRP) (12.2 mg/L vs. 4.1 mg/L, P < 0.001), ferritin (20 085.5 μg/L vs. 216.6 μg/L, P < 0.001) and D-dimer (529.0 μg/L vs. 268.0 μg/L, P=0.002) were significantly higher in thromboembolism group. Diabetes (44.4% vs. 16.4%, P=0.006), coronary heart disease (22.2% vs. 3.0%, P=0.003) and surgery (16.7% vs. 3.5%, P=0.032) were observed more common in thromboembolism group than those without thromboembolism. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (26.9 s vs. 28.7 s, P=0.049) and albumin (32.4 g/L vs. 36.5 g/L, P=0.002) was lower in thromboembolism group. The risk factors of thromboembolism in the myositis patients were low level of albumin (OR=0.831, 95%CI: 0.736-0.939, P=0.003), diabetes (OR=4.468, 95%CI: 1.382-14.448, P=0.012), and coronary heart disease (OR=22.079, 95%CI: 3.589-135.837, P=0.001) were independent significant risk factors for thromboembolism in the patients with myositis. There was no significant difference in clinical manifestations, myositis-specific antibodies or myositis-associated antibodies between the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Thromboembolism is a complication of myositis. Lower levels of albumin, diabetes, and coronary heart disease might be risk factors of thromboembolism in myositis patients.

Effect of nicotine on the proliferation and cell apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of nicotine on the proliferation and cell apoptosis in SCC15 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The growth, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and nuclear factor kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) DNA binding activity were detected in SCC15 oral cancer cell using methly thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In SCC15 cells treated with nicotine for 48 h at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 µmol/L) ROS level was (98.24 ± 0.04)%, (98.50 ± 0.06)%, (98.61 ± 0.07)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than in control groups [(96.01 ± 0.58)%, P = 0.000] and the A value for cell growth was 2.19 ± 0.08, 2.20 ± 0.11 and 2.38 ± 0.08, respectively, which were significantly higher than in control groups (1.93 ± 0.13) (P < 0.05). Only 1 µmol/L nicotine induced significantly higher cell apoptosis than in other groups (P = 0.000). Cell growth was inhibited in SCC15 cells treated with 1 µmol/L nicotine for 72 h, which had statistically significant difference compared with control (P = 0.022). Cell apoptosis rate in 1 µmol/L nicotine treated groups for 24 h was significantly higher than 48 h and 72 h (P = 0.000). NF-κB expression in the nucleus were increased in SCC15 cells treated with 1 µmol/L nicotine for 24, 48 and 72 h and the A value for NF-κB DNA binding activity was 1.509, 1.093 and 0.746, respectively, which were higher than in control group (0.544).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Nicotine induced SCC15 cell growth and apoptosis, which maybe by NF-κB signal pathway activated in oral cancer cells.</p>

Effect of nerve growth factor on the early phase of osseointegration around oral implants / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the early bone integration of oral implants after injection of exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) and investigate the effects of NGF on peri-implant osseointegration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study to establish bi-mandible implant model. Then local injection of 1 µg NGF was given on the right side of the mandible as experimental group and normal saline only was injected on the left side as control group once a day for seven days. The rabbits were respectively sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The implant-bone grinding samples were prepared and stained by toluidine blue for general observation, X-ray, histology and bone histomorphometry analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The density of the new bone around implants at 2 and 4 weeks was lower than normal bone. Compared with the control group, the quantity of new bone and bone-implant contact ratio significantly increased in the experimental group. At 8 weeks, the new bone density in both groups was similar to the normal bone. In the experimental group, the haversian system was observed. Bone contact ratio was significantly different between experimental and control group at 2 and 4 weeks, but similar at 8 weeks.[control group at 2 weeks (26.67 ± 3.88)%, 4 weeks (52.59 ± 5.07)% and 8 weeks (97.33 ± 6.75)%, experimental group at 2 weeks (42.24 ± 6.67)%, 4 weeks (72.25 ± 6.30)% and 8 weeks (99.15 ± 4.68)%].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Applying exogenous NGF in the early phase could accelerate the formation and maturation of trabecular bone around the implants and shorten the period of osseointegration. Nerve growth factor could promote osseointegration in the early stage of oral implantation.</p>

Expression of survivin, caspase-3 in oral precancerous lesions and oral squamous-cell carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the roles of surviving and caspase-3 in the development of oral cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Archival tissue sections of 17 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 28 oral leukoplakia with dysplasia, 10 normal oral mucosa were obtained from Capital Medical University School of Stomatology for immunohistochemical staining of markers of survivin and caspase-3. The cell apoptosis was detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nucleotide shift enzyme (TdT) mediated d-UTP end labeling (TUNEL). Positively stained cells were counted and analyzed statistically to determine potential relationship between survivin, caspase-3 and cell apoptosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of survivin was faint or negative in normal epithelial cells. The average positive rate of survivin was (1.05 ± 1.21)% in control group and (21.89 ± 10.45)% in OSCC. Caspase-3 was expressed in all the normal mucosa,but it obviously down-regulated in dysplasia and OSCC. The apoptosis index (AI) decreased from (0.89 ± 0.46)% in normal mucosa to (0.21 ± 0.12)% in OSCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both survivin and caspase-3 are associated with carcinogenesis of the oral mucosa. Survivin may restrain cell apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3.</p>

Electronic surveying of digital partially dentate casts / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a method of surveying the digitalized partially dentate cast in order to accomplish computer aided design (CAD) of removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The stone cast of a partially dentate patient was scanned using a three-dimensional laser scanner. Points on the surface of the digitalized cast, termed as a "point cloud", were obtained. The point cloud was then imported into self-developed Tanglong software to sample and uniform. New module of identifying the surveying lines was specially written in Tanglong using C++. A straight line was created in the center of the cloud point. Then the cloud point surrounding the straight line was divided into many parts. Local coordinates were established to indicate the information of angle and distance of every point to the straight line. Surveying lines were produced step by step electronically by identifying the closest and farthest points relative to the straight line and then connected together. Different surveying lines were obtained by adjusting the angle of the straight line. After the surveying lines were decided, the undercut areas could be marked and the depth of undercut was calculated automatically. The blockout of the undercuts could also be achieved by moving the location of the point cloud in undercut area.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Survey lines of digitalized partially dentate casts were generated in computer. The undercut area and its depth were identified and the undercut could be blocked out. The shape of survey lines on the digitalized casts was similar to that on the physical casts drawn using traditional method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The new module in Tanglong software was developed specifically for surveying partially dentate casts. It had a user-friendly interface with the easy-to-understand menus. The success of surveying dental casts digitally would make it possible to CAD of RPD frameworks.</p>

Cytokeratin 18 and their gene expression in jaw odontogenic keratocyst epithelial lining / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine cytokeratin 18(CK18) and it's gene in jaw odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) epithelial lining.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The epithelial linings of 32 cases were subject to monoclonal antibody immunohistochemical staining for CK18, CK8 and CK19. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization for CK18 mRNA were conducted in 12 of 32 cases in keratocyst epithelial cell linings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 17 cases, CK18 were observed in keratinized surface layers, though weakly positive. In 27 cases, CK18 were positive in the granular cell layers. CK18 were also positive in the spinous cell layers in 14 cases. In all cases, CK18 was negative in basal cell layers. By RT-PCR, 4 cases expressed CK18 strongly, 8 cases weakly. By in situ hybridization, 8 cases expressed CK18 mRNA positively in both spinous and granular cell layers, and 4 cases positively in basal and keratinized cell layers. CK8 were expressed in basal cell layers of keratocyst epithelial linings. In 23 cases, CK19 were expressed in surface cell layers of keratocyst epithelial linings.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of CK18 in keratocyst epithelial linings transfers from basal cell layer to spinous layer. The expression of CK18 immunohistochemical staining and CK18 mRNA in situ hybridization are different, which shows CK18 might be related to proliferation of OKC epithelial linings. That suggests the existence of regulation of CK18 and CK18 mRNA expression.</p>